Neurofibromatosis & Its Genetic Implications Essays -

Neurofibromatosis and Its Genetic Implications The National Institute of Health characterizes Neurofibromatoses as gathering hereditary scatters that influences the turn of events and development of neural cell tissues. These scatters cause tumor development in nerve tissues, skin changes, and now and again bone disfigurements. Of the eight potential subtypes of Neurofibromatosis (NF) in any event 85% are spoken to by NF Type 1, otherwise called von Recklinghausen or exemplary fringe neurofibromatosis. It has a commonness of about 1:4000 live births. An extra 10% have NF Type 2, otherwise called acoustic or focal neurofibromatosis and happens in about 1:50,000 live births (Baskin 1). This paper will manage the more predominant NF Type 1 and spotlight on the manifestations of the sickness and biochemical parts of the NF1 and the moral ramifications of acquired hereditary issue. NF1 is an autosomal prevailing acquired illness portrayed by various caf?- au-lait detects, various fibromas, and Lisch knobs. Most indications show up during adolescence and early grown-up life. Clinical standards for diagnosing the ailment must incorporate at least two of the accompanying manifestations: (1) six or more caf?- au-lait spots bigger that 5 mm in pre-pubescent people and more noteworthy than 15 mm is post-pubescent people, (2) two or more neurofibromas of any sort or one plexiform neurofibroma, (3) axillary or inguinal freckling, (4) sphenoid bone dysplasia, (5) optic glioma, (6) Lisch knobs, and (7) a family ancestry of NF1. Different appearances incorporate learning inabilities, epilepsy, mental hindrance, scoliosis, gastrointestinal neurofibromas, pheochromacytomas, and renal corridor stenosis (Goldman 2074). Caf?- au-lait spots are pigmented macules of goliath melanin granules found in the basal layer of the epidermis and are recognized by the nearness of more DOPA-positive melanocytes than encompassing skin and a smooth fringe and light earthy colored shade of the macules. Neurofibromas are hamartomatous, a mass of complicated tissue indigenous to a specific site (Robbins 134), that are made generally out of Schwann cells, yet in addition contain fibroblasts, pole cells and macrophages. Plexiform neurofibromatoas, enormous, multilobe pendulous masses, are all the more profoundly arranged in huge nerves, for the most part include the appendages, and are related with hypertrophy of basic delicate tissues and bones. Lisch knobs, or iris harmartomas, are the most well-known appearance of NF1. They are arch formed, raised, avascular, melanocytic knobs of the iris with a smooth shape and some translucency (Baskin 1-3). Neurofibromatosis Type I is an autosomal predominant issue without preference for sex, race, or shading. It appears with complete penetrance with profoundly factor articulation. The quality is situated on chromosome 17q and the quality includes around 350 kilobases (Goldman 2074). The quality codes for the protein neurofibromine which takes after specific proteins that inactivate oncogenes (Hulsebos 620); in this way missing neurofibromine can prompt an expanded manner to malignant growth. In spite of the fact that the turmoil is acquired, the unconstrained change rate is somewhere in the range of 2.4 and 4.3 x 10-5 (ncbl.nlm.nih.gov). A prevalent fatherly deduction recommends that the first change happens in the mitotic divisions that occur during male gametogenesis yet not during female gametogenesis. The NF1 quality can show a twelve kilobase cancellation including exons thirty-two through thirty-nine now and again or a progressively extreme erasure including a 100 kilobase erasure from exon four close to the five prime finish of the quality to intron thirty-nine close to the three prime finish of the quality (nclb.nlm.nih.gov). There doesn't give off an impression of being any relationship between's specific genotypes and phenotypes (Goldman 2074). The grouping of the NF1 quality predicts 2,485 amino acids in the NF1 peptide. The peptide demonstrates some comparability to human GTPase initiating protein (GAP). This finding proposes that NF1 codes for a cytoplasmic GAP-like protein that collaborates with proteins like the RAS quality item in the control of cell development in. shows that the tumor smothering action of the NF1 protein adversely controls p21 (RAS) and shows a ?positive? development job for RAS action in NF1 tumors. The NF1 quality item neurofibromine contains a GTPase actuating protein known as NF1 GRD that downregulates RAS by invigorating inborn GTPase. Since RAS and GTP are significant controller particles in cell development and separation, freak neurofibromines coming about because of physical transformations in the NF1 quality may meddle with the RAS flagging pathway and therefore add to the improvement of tumors (ncbl.nlm.nih.gov). The likelihood of transmission of NF1 is half with every pregnancy,

Oscar Wao: Domincan Irony

Question: The Gangster, in contrast to a considerable lot of the men in the book, is amicable, and treats Beli like a lady. Be that as it may, his activity makes an incongruity in the book. Clarify. Answer: Many of the man in the book have been discourteous toward the young ladies in the book. They imagined that their activity is the correct activity, since they have the Dominican Pride. All they truly thought about was their appearance as a muchacha figure, and couldn't have cared less for the girls’ feeling or needs. When â€Å"gangster† steps in after Beli made some harsh memories with Jack who utilized her as only as a toy; Beli begins to feel a sentiment of adoration. Hoodlum treats her in an unexpected way, getting her endowments, getting her decent cafés, and taking her out to places. He even holds nothing back and outlines for her, about the hardship and torment he is experiencing. Because of his activities, she understands she adores him, since no man has ever valued her or opened up such a great amount before in her life. His activities make an incongruity; and the activities vary from all that we have experienced about the Dominican Culture up until this point. In any case, the genuine incongruity kicks in as Beli understands that hoodlum has a propensity for vanishing for a considerable length of time or weeks on end without notice. At the point when he returns, she perseveres about where he has been, and about their marriage, be that as it may, criminal doesn't offer her any responses back. At the point when Gangster takes Beli out for an outing, to unwind, Beli is very glad. During the excursion, criminal reveals to Beli that he needs to be free, making an amusing second as he goes to and fro between a respectable man, and a muchacha. Nonetheless, when she gets back she understands that she is pregnant, and the peruser foresees for the sensational incongruity that will be made, when criminal settles on his choice about staying with being a man of honor and remaining with Beli, or leave her and the infant, similar to the next Dominican men.

First read

First read Welcome those of you who have just joined us! I encourage you to read all the posts from the beginning, and also check out the student blogs: Mitra, Kevin, and Allison. Tomorrow, the entire admissions staff will gather for our meeting to get us prepared to read your thousands of applications. One exercise is that we will discuss the same three folders that we each have read this weekend, getting on the same page as far as what makes a good summary of an application. I just finished reading and summarizing my applications (each application takes about 30 minutes each), and I must say Im very excited to be starting the application reading season. Right now, we have lots of applications started but many fewer finished, so it will probably be another week and a half until we start the serious reading. In the meantime, well contnue with our other work, including wrapping up our fall travels, developing more content for the my.mit.edu portal, catching up on email (Im still behind), etc. Current music: Michael Buble, Come Fly with Me Not the same few colleges: The University of Chicago. This is a school serious about its academics. Check out the essay options on this years application, including Write an essay inspired by super-huge mustard. Also, Chicago is one of my absolute favorite cities in the country, with amazing architecture and interesting neighborhoods.

A Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis - 1052 Words

Name Instructor Name Class Date Walter Lee Younger in A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, tells the story of the Younger family, an African-American family living in poverty in 1950s Chicago. The family patriarch, Walter, is a limousine driver struggling to make ends meet and desperate to find a way to propel his family toward wealth. With his father’s death comes an insurance check for $10,000 and each member of the family has different ideas on what to do with it. Walter feels entitled to the money and wants to use it to open a liquor store, which he believes will make his family wealthy. However, his wife does not agree, and neither does his mother, to whom the check is going and who lives with the†¦show more content†¦He misses work even though his family needs the income, and he drinks even though it has negative consequences. In this section of the play, Walter is portrayed not as a family patriarch but almost as a child who is throwing a tantrum because his mother did not give him what he wanted . This is further emphasized when Mama does eventually give Walter the remainder of the money so that he can invest it. Once Walter has invested in the liquor store, his spirits lift. He behaves more like a family man, treating his mother and his sister respectfully and flirting with his wife when he takes her out on a date. This Walter is buried beneath the surface of his unhappiness and despair, and it’s only when it seems like he can see the light at the end of the tunnel that he starts to emerge as a friendlier person. However, his partner, Willy, ends up leaving with all of the money. Walter now has no liquor store and no money, his idea for a get-rich-quick scheme leaving his family in much worse shape than before. While this is going on, a white man from the neighborhood in which Mama bought a new house has offered the family a substantial amount of money to not move in; he does not want the white neighborhood to develop conflict with the presence of a black family. Af ter Walter loses all of the money, he decides that he will take Mr. Linder up on his offer. It is at this point that Walter has hit rock bottom. Previously, Walter hadShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of A Raisin Of The Sun Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment 4: Character Analysis of â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† The male protagonist of this story is Walter Lee Younger, an African American, who plays the roles of a son, husband, father, and brother. The story is set in a Chicago Southside apartment, â€Å"sometime between World War II and the present [1959]† (Hansberry 919). Walter is physically described as â€Å"a lean, intense young man in his middle thirties, inclined to quick nervous movements and erratic speech habits—and always in his voiceRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† written by Lorraine Hansberry, she is able to take us to place to see what it was like for an African American family to survive in the mid-twentieth century. The play details how the main characters are going through an evolving social and economic position, as well as the evolving gender roles. Hansberry uses the characterization of Beneatha, Ruth, and Walter in order to show the expectations and assigned gender roles for the characters in the story. In shortRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis902 Words   |  4 PagesGordon: Segregation vs. Southern Pride Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† touches on many issues African Americans faced in the early to mid-twentieth century. One can analyze Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† from many angles, and come away with different meanings. While Michelle Gordon focuses more on segregation and housing discrimination that plagued African Americans on Chicago’s Southside in Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, William Murray emphasizes on Southern Pride and heritage. ThisRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis917 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry the Younger family faces many conflicts. This is mainly because they are living in Chicago in the 1950’s. This was a time where many African Americans were discriminated, which caused the family to have many issues with money, jobs, and family. Two characters from the pay that help influence the plot would be Mama and Ruth. This i s because of the roles they play, their conflicts, and their actions towards other character. Without the roles ofRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis1026 Words   |  5 PagesIn A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, one of the featured characters is outgoing and ambitious Beneatha Younger, sister of Walter and daughter of Mama. Beneatha, commonly referred to as Bennie by her family, is an aspiring doctor and currently in medical school. In addition to these desires, she also acquires relationships with Asagai and George Murchinson, two prominent male characters, throughout the course of the play. Although her career choice and relations with these men are completelyRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis1592 Words   |  7 Pagesacquisitiveness have always had the ability to turn people into someone they are not. Greed can tear apart families and friendships when a person neglects others for their own benefit. This is depicted perfectly in Lorraine Hansbe rry’s play A Raisin in the Sun which follows the lives of the Youngers, an African-American family living in 1950’s South Side Chicago. The focus is on a man named Walter Younger, who has the difficult decision of choosing between his personal dream and the progression ofRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beneatha In A Raisin In The Sun1487 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis â€Å" A Raisin in the Sun† is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry about the life of an African American family during the era of segregation. The play starts off with the Younger family receiving a 10,000 dollar check from Mr. Younger’s insurance policy. The family argues over what they are going to do with it. Mama wants to buy a house with it, Walter wants to invest in a liquor store, and Beneatha wants to use the money to go to medical school. The contrast of the characters’ personalitiesRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Character Analysis1322 Words   |  6 Pages Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, depicts the lives of the Younger family, an African American family living in the Southside of Chicago during the 1950s. The play takes place in their cramped apartment offering the reader insight into the arguments, discussions, and conversations that take place between the characters. In one scene, Hansberry specifically offers the reader a conversation between Asagai, an influential companion, and Beneatha to show us how disparate the Younger siblingsRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Raisin In The Sun798 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play a Raisin in the Sun, Walter Lee Younger is an African American man who portrays the role of a father, son, and husband. He has a dream to invest the incoming inherence into something that may help his family in the future. Once this idea comes to him it takes over his mind, and he cannot stop thinking about it. It acts as though its a drug, he addicted to talking about it. Also, when it is broug ht up in a conversation and someone disagrees he become very defensive. In addition, he isRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of A Raisin In The Sun1299 Words   |  6 Pagessoul longs for the satisfaction of meeting a goal? The obstacles along the way may cause one trouble, but one still strives for that personal satisfaction of knowing something grand was accomplished. A Raisin In The Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry, gives off many aspects of the story’s characters wanting the reward of being able to say, â€Å"I did it†. Beneatha Younger, a passionate, strong-willed woman will do whatever it takes to pursue her dream of attending medical school. Along the way of wanting

Policing The Lives Of Black And Latino By Victor Rios Oakland

In Punished: policing the lives of Black and Latino by Victor Rios Oakland boys are studied in an ethnography. The purpose of the ethnography was to examine the how the boys interacted with themselves, the education system and the justice system. The purpose of this essay is to review what Rios has witnessed and recorded, in his book, and look through the lens of different sociological theories and theorists. These Theories and theorists Rios himself used when describing the behavior. Rios describes different situations and plights that afflict the boys of his study. He did so in his book by organizing the ideas by chapter. The first part examines how the police abuse and accuse the boys in their everyday life. They do not need to be†¦show more content†¦They were subject to physical, verbal abuse, and an exile from their peers. Rios in his ethnography kept himself as an outsider. He did not try to become one of his subjects to get them to trust him. Even though his past was like the boys which were his subjects, he kept his distance enough and kept the culture at arm’s length. This is shown in that he did not participate in crimes, and did not intervene with theirs. The reason I say he is an outsider to the study group is because as he states, â€Å"I had dug [my past] six feet under on the day I buried my best friend† (Rios, 2011). A common theme in the book is that of symbolism in language. Pierre Bourdieu, a sociologist, in brought to light the idea of symbolic language. Bourdieu shows that there is two different types of language, signs and symbolism (Bourdieu, 1991). A sign is what it means stop means stop. Symbolism would be what the boys did in their delinquency, they acted out in aggression to thoughts of authority and get punished. In the eyes of the boys they saw that they received more respect afterward. The symbolic power can relate to just about everything, including gift giving (Hyà ¡nkovà ¡, 2010). Hyà ¡nkovà ¡ writes that giving the more expensive gift creates a sort of soft power by the one who gives the more expensive present. This relates to how the boys act to the convenience store clerk, who had a rule of no more than two kids at a time in is store. The boys got their items and queued inShow MoreRelatedJustice, Masculinity, And Race And Crime Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesPunished Victor Rios is not only an author of a book called Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys, but he is also an ex-felon. Rios holds a PH.D. in sociology and is now an assistant professor at the University of Santa Barbara. Victor Rios has published on juvenile justice, masculinity, and race and crime in scholarly in journals such as the Critical Criminology. He has not only lived the life he preaches about, he has shown to be extremely knowledgable in this life he has onceRead MorePolicing The Lives Of Black And Latino Boys1348 Words   |  6 PagesPolicing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys The book Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys was written by Victor M. Rios, containing 174 pages, and was published in 2011 by the New York University Press. In total, the book contains eight chapters with a preface, expanding on the methods and measures Rios used to collect information and interviews, and an appendix that Rios used to further explain the sociological impact criminology and race have had throughout history. The research for theRead MoreSummary Of The By Victor Rios1420 Words   |  6 PagesPunished Reflection Victor Rios starts of the book by giving a brief background of his own life and what he experienced as a child in the ghettos of Oakland, California and the events that caused him to turn from his old way of life. During the span of Victor Rios’ juvenile years he decide to join and become a gang member Rios states â€Å"I joined the gang seeking protection that I thought police and other authority figures in the community had failed to provide†(Rios ix) Rios’ quote is the most commonlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The By Victor Rios845 Words   |  4 PagesPunished was written by Victor Rios and published in 2011. Rios wrote the book to chronicle the challenges young black and Latino boys faced within their improvised highly criminalized neighborhoods. Rios grew up in Oakland California and lived in what was considered the ghettos mainly a minority poor community; he was also a gang member with his fair share of trouble. Rios began looking for answers to the plights he and his community faced after the murder of his friend while they ran from a rivalRead MoreWe Can Not Deny Society s Progression Of Social Equality Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscoursed in Victor Rios’ Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys. Intersectionality posits that inequalities are not generated through one act or variable, but through a connected web of multiple variables that work together to oppress a group(s) of people (Collins and Blige 2016:1-6; Hill Collins 2000). Gender, race, sexuality, and class (among other diffuse characteristics) work together as a metaphorical net that aids in the maintenance of a systematic racial hegemony. Rios shadowedRead MoreOakland, California. A Place Where People Call It Home1636 Words   |  7 Pages Oakland, California. A place where people call it home or a war zone. In the case of many teenagers, Oakland was their destruction. Based on my reading, The Labeling Theory will best suit with this book simply because many teens from this volume were said to be someone they weren’t. In case you don’t know about this theory, the focus of it is not on the behavior of a person but on how others view that behavior or the person itself. According to the book â€Å"Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and

Eminent Domain Free Essays

Eminent Domain Business 186 The ancient right, for the government to take property from an individual with out consent for a common good is called Eminent Domain. Some examples of a common good are, to build a dam, an airport, a hospital or a highway. The U. We will write a custom essay sample on Eminent Domain or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. constitution understands that right; as long as â€Å"just compensation† is paid they are permitted to take the privet property for public use. However, New London took land from one privet party and gave the property to another privet party. By doing so the city promises to attract new growth, which in return will help invigorate the community and bring in more tax revenue. The area they want to build all these new structures is where the Undersea Warfare Center of the Navy was. When the Navy moved it took 1,400 jobs with it. The unemployment rate of the city only got worse. This has been a rough neighborhood for quite some time. Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company built a $350 million research center, which created 1,400 job opportunities. Since then the government has created parks and opened up the river fort access to the public. Furthermore, the city wants to build new homes for professionals, office buildings and a hotel. They want space to build these luxurious homes for the professional employees of Pfizer. The houses that sit above the Thames River in front of Fort Trumbull is the area they want to use to build all these new structures. Though many people have left their houses, there are still a few that remain in their homes in this area. The city is offering a fair price for their homes but the residents do not want the money, they just want to keep their homes that they worked very hard to get. The Supreme Court upheld the city’s condemnation right; the homeowners had to forcefully sell their homes. It ruled that required purchase to foster economic development falls under public use and is constitutionally permissible. By making this decision the Supreme Court drives the argument over eminent domain back to the states and local communities. Eminent domain has been used correctly to rebuild decayed urban areas or start economic growth; conflict now is rising with political and legal battles, there are many states that are taking advantage of it. In 2009 Pfizer closed its New London location and transferred its 1,400 employees to a campus the company owns in Groton, Connecticut. I enjoyed this article because it opened my eyes to what people are experiencing around the country with Eminent Domain. I don’t think New London treated their residents fairly by authorizing these structures built over their homes. Towns such as New London and others are not pursuing their decisions wisely as to their beneficial and progressive social policies. I think that they are socially harming and being biased against ordinary working people and small business owners. I do not think that eminent domain is a morally legitimate right of the government. I do not think that the government should have the right to take away your property. It takes someone about thirty years to pay off a home and finally be able to call it their property and not the banks. I think that after thirty years of slaving away making payments and paying interest rates, the government should not be able to just come in and take your property, it is not morally correct. Now on the other hand, if the property is abandoned then yes, the government should be able to obtain it for public use. I do not think its right for the government to forcefully vacate someone from his or her home to use it publicly. How to cite Eminent Domain, Essay examples

Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Methodology

Question: Discuss about the Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction A large number of immigrants need health services beyond basic healthcare provided by NHS and thus, go to hospitals in their respective regions to receive healthcare services. Such healthcare service providers need to understand the healthcare expectations of immigrants and refugees to be able to provide them best healthcare services. This research involves a study on a public regional hospital in Victor whose management is seeking support in understanding the perceptions of immigrant and refugee patients on the healthcare services provided by the hospital( Islington Council, 2016). Certain research questions can be used to guide this research to achieve this aim including: What are the services provided by the hospital to the immigrants and refugees What are the demographic and personal characteristics of the immigrant and refugee patients coming to Victoria hospital? How do these immigrants and refugees perceive the healthcare services of the hospital? Can there be a scope for improvement in services of the hospital to better take care of the needs of these patients? Literature Review The quality of healthcare in UK varies with the hospitals and regions. Citizens of the country definitely enjoy some healthcare benefits and preferences. However, when it comes to immigrants, rules and treatments differ. But NHS claims to provide free healthcare services even to immigrants but government is considering restricting this free access to healthcare for immigrants and refugees with limited stay in UK. Currently, NHS provides free basic healthcare to migrants and full NHS healthcare service to migrating students. Free services are provided by public hospitals but advanced healthcare services are provided at a cost. There is very less information that is available on how these healthcare services perform with the refugees and immigrants. Various aspects of care may be explored in order to understand if the patients have positive experiences of receiving these services. Various aspects of healthcare that may be explored can include communication with healthcare professionals, medications, nursing services, discharge planning, pain management, and more. Past researches has shown that the perception of patients about healthcare services is affected by actual services as well as by several other factors like demographics, health condition, age, and education levels. A HCAHPSstudy on 4032 hospitals of USA had studied the perceptions of patients considering hospitals services and characteristics of students. Over 63% of the patients provided positive ratings to healthcare services and 67% were open to recommending services to friends and family. 74% of the patients were satisfied with the communication received from healthcare professionals. There are a variety of studied conducted on the patients of hospitals but there is very less literature specific to the healthcare received by immigrants and refugees in UK and thus, the current study can fill this gap for UK region by taking the case of Victorian hospital understand the views of immigrants and refugees(Jha, Orav, Zheng, Epstein, 2008). Research design and conduct Methodology: A quantitative research methodology would be used involving survey for capturing experiences of the immigrants and refugees served at the Victorian hospital. Research instruments: A survey would be conducted on the immigrant and refugee patients of the hospital for which a questionnaire would be prepared. This questionnaire would involve objective questions asking patients about their experiences with the hospital with respect to different dimensions like communication, nursing, pain management, medications, discharge planning, and more. They would be asked to rate the services considering some major parameters to explore their views(Chawla Sondhi, 2011). Sampling: A convenient sampling would be used as the study targets a single hospital such that the data would be collected from the patients who would be available at the time of the study. Data Collection: The patients of the hospital would be personally met by the researcher and a questionnaire would be distributed in order to receive their inputs for the study. A written consent with declaration of the significance and use of study would be taken from them before their responses are recorded by the researcher(Creswell, 2008). Data analysis: The data received would be coded and recorded in SPSS and statistical tests like T-Test and Chi-square test would be utilized for analysis. These tests would be used for comparing various characteristics of hospital services as well as patients from different demographics(Choy, 2014). Limitations: This research is targeted only to a single hospital and thus, it may not be generalized for a wider array of patients including immigrants and refugees. If their views have to be studied then the study would have to be reproduced for more hospitals(VisitScotland, 2013). Bibliography Islington Council. (2016). NHS healthcare for migrants with NRPF (England). NRPF. Chawla, D., Sondhi, N. (2011). Research Methodology: Concepts and Cases. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. Choy, L. T. (2014). The Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Methodology: Comparison and Complimentary between Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science , 19 (4), 99-104. Creswell. (2008). Selection of Research Design. Sage Publications. Jha, A. K., Orav, E. J., Zheng, J., Epstein, A. M. (2008). Patients' Perception of Hospital Care in the United States. The New England Journal of Medicine , 359:1921-1931. VisitScotland. (2013). Netherlands: Consumer Research. VisitScotland.